Advanced pharmaceutics and drug delivery. Our research interests and activities related to diabetes treatment include microencapsulation of enzymes, formulation and stabilization of therapeutic hormones and polypeptides; artificial islet cells; ROS-attenuating systems; “intelligent” drug delivery systems for self-regulated drug delivery; nanotechnology-enabled glucose-responsive closed-loop insulin delivery implants for diabetic research animals and for clinical treatment; and glucose-responsive glucagon delivery via composite microneedle patch for prevention of hypoglycemia in diabetes.